![]() It has two sources, (1) the Frat or Kara-su (i.e., "the black river"), which rises 25 miles north-east of Erzeroum and (2) the Muradchai (i.e., "the river of desire"), which rises near Ararat, on the northern slope of Ala-tagh. From its source in the Armenian mountains to the Persian Gulf, into which it empties itself, it has a course of about 1,700 miles. It is by far the largest and most important of all the rivers of Western Asia. In the ancient history of Assyria, and Babylon, and Egypt many events are recorded in which mention is made of the "great river." Just as the Nile represented in prophecy the power of Egypt, so the Euphrates represented the Assyrian power ( Isaiah 8:7 Jeremiah 2:18). It was then the boundary of the kingdom to the north-east. Deuteronomy 11:24 Joshua 1:4), a covenant promise afterwards fulfilled in the extended conquests of David ( 2 Samuel 8:2-14 1 Chronicles 18:3 1 Kings 4:24). It is next mentioned in connection with the covenant which God entered into with Abraham ( 15:18), when he promised to his descendants the land from the river of Egypt to the river Euphrates (comp. The Euphrates is first mentioned in Genesis 2:14 as one of the rivers of Paradise. Hebrew, Perath Assyrian, Purat Persian cuneiform, Ufratush, whence Greek Euphrates, meaning "sweet water." The Assyrian name means "the stream," or "the great stream." It is generally called in the Bible simply "the river" ( Exodus 23:31), or "the great river" ( Deuteronomy 1:7).
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